3) The Degenerate Era (The Degenerate Era)
1 quadrillion (10 ^ 15) years to 10 Sextilliarden (10 ^ 40) years after the Big Bang
If the evolution of the stars end begins Degenerate Era. Most stars will end their nuclear fusion and as a stellar body exist to himself. Now we have about equal parts brown and white dwarfs, 3 of 1000 stellar objects are neutron stars and black holes. Since white dwarfs are dwarfs serious about a factor of 10 as Brown, the vast majority of mass in the Universe now in white dwarfs. Although there are still large amounts of free gas, yet it is diffusely distributed and concentrated low. The bottom line is there in the degenerate era mainly stellar remnants such as brown and white dwarfs, which constitute between 10 and 10 ^ 15 ^ 37 years the most important stellar objects in the universe.
In this era are the brown dwarfs, failed stars, never had enough mass to nuclear fusion, back into play - because they can collide. Today, no one thought about making colliding stars, there's such a lot of space between the stars that a collision is practically impossible. Clearly, this is by comparing them with tiny sand grains, which are distributed at intervals of many miles in the universe. But if you wait long enough, even seemingly impossible things happen - and two brown dwarfs in the degenerate era come together in a certain angle. In this case it may happen that the product possesses this collision enough mass to be a real star and begin the fusion of hydrogen into helium. This Stars will be nothing in common with the sun and the typical red dwarfs are among the merge slowly over billions of years its hydrogen fuel, they lack of funds could not burn before to helium - at some point to be classified in the group of white dwarfs.
Knowing the number of brown dwarfs, the galaxy in which they are located, the collision rate of these stars and the life of the collisions produced by red dwarfs, we can calculate how many stars in this galaxy in the degenerate era will seem. For the Milky Way is expected to approximately three (!) Of such stars. Today there are countless galaxies in each of the billions of stars that glow brightly. In the degenerate era are shining in the Milky Way two or three stars , products of the unlikely collision of brown dwarfs. And with about 1/10.000 of the luminosity of our Sun.
artists impression of the white dwarf
collide Even white dwarfs, even if this is even more unlikely than the collision of two brown dwarfs [Note: in memory, 20km in diameter!]. Most will come out of nothing that would be characterized by any activity. But sometimes the products of such collisions could have enough mass to explode in a special kind of super nova. Thus, our future, dark galaxy from time to time be met by a huge explosion.
Also it seems that would attract white dwarfs, the so-called dark matter. These stellar remnants would then accumulate dark matter annihilate again, releasing radiation. This radiation of a white dwarf would be about one quadrillion watts. Little compared to the sun - but at least a good part of what arrives on Earth from the sun radiation.
is seen in the long time scales, the picture of the Milky Way change drastically and hurled star addition to the gargantuan Voids , literally empty regions between the galaxies. This could be arbitrarily extrapolate into the future were it not for a possibly occurring problem: the protons themselves, essential components of matter familiar to us, could fall apart. For these protons is an approximate life of 10 ^ 37 years and assumed most of them are in this era in white dwarfs. This means that if a proton to this incredibly long time in a so-called positron [Note: essentially a positively charged electron] decays, it is rapidly destroyed, along with a matching, negatively charged electron. Of two particles will not remain in the bottom line as the radiation left over, leaving ultimately the star and thus its mass piece by piece reduced.
This knowledge can now consider the complete evolution of our sun. After swelling to a red giant, the loss of half of their mass and the subsequent existence as a white dwarf is determined by the decay of protons even smaller and colder. In the long term, the proton decay of the main driving force for the development of stellar bodies. Due to the reduced gravitational pressure [it's all constantly mass loss and mass is equivalent to the attraction of a body] our sun is a white dwarf with time slightly larger and emit some point for about 400 watts - an amount of energy that can with some effort can be created on the rowing machine at the gym.
This decay will continue until the sun from its initial mass to that of Jupiter, or about a factor of 1000, has shrunk. At this time the sun is most likely a block Wasserstoffeis correspond to the smallest amounts of radiation gradually loses his last mass. Eventually, the ice block will no longer exist and the evolution of stars to an end.
the beginning of the degenerate era, we had a lot of brown and white dwarfs, a few neutron stars and black holes. Last stars formed in rare collisions of brown dwarfs. Dark matter accumulates in white dwarfs and gave them as an energy and Radiation source, which they otherwise would not have had. Over a period of 10 ^ 20 years, the galaxies lose their stars better [: dead stars] to grow gradually to the surrounding near-nothing, black holes by swallowing remaining stellar body gradually. The Degenerate Era ends when all protons are decayed. That will be about 10 ^ 40 years the case.
0 comments:
Post a Comment